The Ultimate Guide to Good Posture [Infographic]

The Ultimate Guide to Good Posture [Infographic] Great stance probably won't appear as though something that is horrendously significant, yet ongoing examinations recommend something else. Investigate this infographic created by Voltierdigital for data on great stance and why it is significant.

Representational art Essay Example For Students

Authentic workmanship Essay Pop workmanship advocates the change of ordinary buyer objects and urban flotsam and jetsam into craftsmanship. It dismissed Abstract Expressionists chivalrous individual position and the profound, mental substance of their craft. Rather, Pop specialists embraced a progressively lively and unexpected way to deal with workmanship and life, considering it to be an arrival to illustrative craftsmanship, eased from the obscure theory of the theoretical. Pop workmanship is basically around 1. Syntactic intricacy: under this heading have a place the interaction of composed and pictorial structures, for example, Jasper Johns letters, or words, and Indianas numbers and sentences. 2. Scope of Media: innovative employments of new media, for example, in Rauschenbergs consolidate works of art; or the expansion of medium, seen with Rosenquist bringing announcement methods into test easel painting. 3. Nature of articles: Lichtensteins funnies or Warhols newsprint sources; at times, the item is truly and truly present-Wesselmanns restrooms and Dines objects appended to canvases delineate this well. 4. Associations with innovation: Rauschenberg specifically, machines are likewise a basic term.13 We will compose a custom article on Representational workmanship explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now To perceive how, creatively, these two developments changed from one to the next, we will concentrate on an agent craftsman from every class and differentiation their work. For our examination, we would take a gander at Jackson Pollock and Andy Warhol. The undisputed pioneer of American Abstract Expressionism development, Pollocks works demonstrated a solid feeling of dynamic mood, articulate touch and differentiation of light and dim. His motivations were direct, draftsmanly and erotic with a painterly inclination. Despite what might be expected, the harbinger of the Pop Art development, Warhol worked in a strikingly unique way. Warhol favored the thought of Mass Production; he needed workmanship that engaged everyone, stressing the possibility of life as craftsmanship. His works tended to the issue of commercialization and scrutinized the idea of inventiveness. In contrast to Pollock, who once said about his internal quest for unique articulation, When I am in my painting, Im not mindful of what Im doing. It is simply after a kind of acclimate period that I see what I have been about,14 Warhol attempted to make his specialty less restrictive, wanting craftsmanship that would be totally clear, without style or feeling. Pollocks 1943 Guardians of the Secret (fig. 1) is a case of his initial style of work. The profoundly figural yet exceptionally conceptual work shows vertical figures flanking a focal board loaded up with symbolic representations circulated everywhere. Pollock was propelled by conceptual styles and Picassos Male and Female in Search of a Symbol in the late 1920s. His endeavors during that period brought about works with strikingly dramatic space, an opening in the center flanked by figures, similar to organize pads, on either side. This was Pollocks most loved organization from 1942 to 1946, apparent in pictures, for example, Guardians of the Secret (1943), and Pasiphae (1943).15 On the other hand, Andy Warhols early works, for example, Saturdays Popeye (1960) (fig. 2) demonstrated a reliable transposition of a solitary casing however painted with a gestural detachment obliged to the procedure of Abstract Expressionism. The brushy entries of white along the lower edge and the dark foundation in the work which displays a couple of trickles, clearly derided the painterly nature of Abstract Expressionism.16 moreover, this work is essential to the improvement of American Pop Art as its subject is readymade, with recognizably obvious treatment. Pollocks and Warhols works in later years further accentuated the division between Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art. Pollocks first dribble painting Cathedral (1947) (fig. 3) indicated a feeling of shallow space made with interlocking bands of hues, utilizing the All-over style to make a thick system of liquid and a feeling of visual musicality. In this work, customary point of view is denied, accentuating rather the evenness of the image plane yet making a puzzling profundity in its interstices. Interestingly, Warhols works don't underscore Pollocks individual cooperation with his work; he accepts that someone ought to have the option to do every one of my artworks for me. .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .postImageUrl , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:hover , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:visited , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:active { border:0!important; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:active , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:hover { darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6715d68644659bb660 6bebe56b7fcc83 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The manner in which the watcher encounters craftsmanship EssayWarhols The Marilyn Monroe Diptych (1962) (fig. 4) is the aftereffect of Warhols mindfulness that over-introduction to pictures steadily strip them of any feeling and gives them notorious force. The picture in this work was exposed to endless varieties, over or under inked-a genuine case of the assortment that originates from the evident automation of picture production.18 Warhols love for large scale manufacturing and consistent reference to famous pictures extraordinarily contrasted from Pollocks soul-looking, normal, individual and dynamic working style. In Pop Art, we see a transformation against Abstract Expressionism, both as far as objectives and specialized rendering. Pop specialists Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns started with the possibility of generic workmanship, to shape a composition that utilized the strong brushstrokes of the Abstract Expressionism however without their enthusiastic substance. The ordinary articles utilized by Jasper Johns and other Pop specialists were given cliché or unoriginal treatment totally dissimilar to the courageous position of Abstract Expressionism. These were signals of hatred and resistance coordinated at the talk of Abstract Expressionism by staying away from any feelings and any physical dynamism; push-pull impact of Abstract Expressionist canvases. Basically, from numerous points of view, the inalienable creative contrast between Pop Art and Abstract Expression was brought by the social move during the time of post 1945 to late 1960s. The quick post-quake tremor impact of the war made the Americans lean toward virtue and another type of craftsmanship creation from inside, indicating energy and activity. This condition upgraded the Abstract Expressionist specialists select works of art what concentrated on communicating from inside, as said by Pollock, My canvas is directmethod of painting is the regular development out of a needto express emotions instead of to delineate them.19 conversely, the late 1950s condition of mainstream society enlivened the Pop craftsmen to utilize mass-delivered products of current urban and rural life. Pop Arts approach was to carry workmanship immovably once again into contact with the world and life, and to search for topic that would guarantee a level of unsuitability.

15 Habits Psychologists Have Linked with Happiness

15 Habits Psychologists Have Linked with Happiness Everyone wants to be happy, yet no one seems to know how to do it. The act of being happy has sparked a lot of discussion and thousands of studies have been conducted trying to solve the problem with happiness.Psychologists and scientists seem to have found the solution: little habits create big changes and lead to happiness. Activities involving looking after your mind and your body can boost how fulfilled you feel. Furthermore, helping others and organizing your life can guarantee you find happiness.So, let’s get started with adding these 15 habits into your life â€" you’ll be surprised at the power of these tiny changes.HABITS THAT TREAT THE MINDMind is where happiness comes from â€" if you want to feel more fulfilled and happy, you need to treat your mind. Here are the most efficient ways to do it and the habits you should aim to adopt.1. Meditate to unplugIf you’ve been following the self-help industry at all in the past few years, you would have noticed the talk about meditation. The benefits of meditation are not just a fad â€" it can have a truly transformative impact on your life. Studies have found meditation or the act of quieting things around you to reduce anxiety and stress.When you meditate, you become more aware of your emotions, making it easier to appreciate the good and control th e bad. The practice of mindfulness or meditating has even been linked with better self-awareness and perspective â€" those annoying things might actually seem rather unimportant when you learn to meditate.You don’t even need to be a rocket scientist to start or have lots of free time to get startedâ€" you definitely don’t need to buy a rope and move into the mountains. A few minutes of meditation each day can have a transformative impact. Pick up these tips from the Business Insider and add a 5-minutes of meditation to your day: Source: Business Insider infographic 2. Visit cultural activitiesYou can also boost your mood by participating in cultural activities. A study looked at life satisfaction of over 50,000 adults in Norway and the researchers found an interesting link between the levels of depression and culture. Those that attended plays, visited museums or joined other such cultural activities, reported lower levels of anxiety and felt more satisfied with their quality of life.So, you should start a habit of doing something cultural every week. It could be visiting a museum or attending a play at the theatre. It won’t cost a lot â€" there are plenty of free ways to enjoy culture â€" and it gives you plenty of happiness and enjoyment!3. Learn to forgiveThere’s nothing worse for mood than harboring those bad feelings inside you and staying angry with the people who’ve hurt you. Are there dumb people out there that will hurt you? Of course! But you feeling angry and wallowing in your hurt is not go ing to hurt them nor is it going to lead to you feeling happy.According to Mayo Clinic, holding a grudge will lead to resentment and revenge and harboring these emotions will ensure you don’t have time or space for something else: i.e. happiness.There are tons of studies out there suggesting that people who are able to forgive â€" even the most horrific of crimes â€" are less stressed, live longer and have better overall health. So, forgiveness doesn’t just make you happier, it can also make you healthier.If you do find yourself feeling angry, you should do the following thing recommended by a team of psychologists: write a letter to the person but don’t send it. Writing down your anger provides you clarity of emotions, helps you find solutions and reliefs stress. It can even help you forgive and feel calmer in the process.4. Find reasons to smileOK, so finding reasons to smile might not sound like the best advice ever. Surely, if you were smiling you’d be happy. But the poi nt here is to make the effort â€" to not just sit and wait someone makes you smile. However, that also shouldn’t make you fake it. A study in 2011 found that when bus drivers were forced to smile, they were in a worse mood than before the day started!The key, then, is to find those thoughts and acts that genuinely make you smile. List things that make you smile and when you feel grumpy, look at those reasons â€" you are guaranteed to smile a little and then, perhaps, more. Read a joke or call someone you love. Don’t force the smile, but make an effort to find a happy thought!HABITS THAT BOOST YOUR PHYSIQUEHowever, happiness is not just about the external things happening in your mind. If your body is working well and getting the right nourishment, your happiness will increase. Psychologists, therefore, suggest you also adopt habits for a healthier body.5. Start exercising regularlyAside from meditation, one of the most convincing habits to adopt for happiness boost is exercise. The evidence to support regular exercise in feeling better is just simply staggering. Research has found exercise to:Reduce the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stressHelp you appreciate your body and wellbeingRelease feel-good hormones like endorphinsMake you feel more satisfied with your lifeFurthermore, the beneficial mood boost isn’t short-lived. According to a study conducted by the University of Vermont, 20-minutes of exercise will continue to positively influence your mood up to 12 hours afterwards.Although any exercising habit is worth creating, you can enjoy additional benefits if you exercise in nature.One study in the US, found walking in nature to reduce negative thoughts and make the person feel happier. So, beach walks, swims in the river or any other exercise in nature can lead to a happier life â€" but even if you can’t exercise outdoors, do create a regular routine of brisk walks or jumping jacks for a mood boost.6. Be intimate with someoneSome people say the re’s nothing better than sex and chocolate â€" together or separate, I do not know. These people have found a truth there, as research has suggested sex can lead to happiness. Indeed, there’s a study to suggest having sex once a month will make you as happy as having $50,000 extra on your bank account.Before you start adding more sex to your schedule, thinking it’ll help you feel like a lottery winner, you should know one other fact. Research might not support the above finding quite as strongly. The thing is more sex doesn’t automatically lead to happiness, having sex does.So, whether you are intimate with someone twice a week or once every three months doesn’t necessarily boost or diminish your happiness or health. Having sex with someone you love, whenever you feel like it will have the positive effect. The purpose of the act counts more than the times you do it!7. Get enough sleepYou should also find other uses for your bed than being intimate. Sleeping is linked with your levels of happiness and people who get enough rest tend to feel more satisfied with their lives.Dr Raymonde Jean, director of sleep medicine and associate director of critical care at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, has told Health.com that, “a good night’s sleep can really help a moody person decrease their anxiety”. Dr Jean added that proper sleep could provide you with “more emotional stability”.Sleep is essential because it removes toxic proteins, which have accumulated during the day, from your brain, providing you with a better sense of alertness and attention. Ensure you find time to sleep â€" you could even start napping during the day! Source: Survival Mastery blog postHABITS THAT FOCUS ON OTHERSHappiness shouldn’t be considered a purely personal experience. Indeed, you might actually feel a lot happier if you focused on the wellbeing of others more.8. Give your time to help othersYes, you are a busy person and you’re not a bad person for pursuing your dreams. A healthy dose of self-love is definitely a good thing. Yet, if you are looking to be happy, you need to create a habit of devoting your time to helping others.Why? Because it can make you feel happier. One long-term study has found volunteer work to help both the mental and physical health of people â€" no, not just the people who are the focus of the volunteering, but also the people who actually volunteer. In fact, the act of giving and doing something good causes your brain to release dopamine â€" the chemical behind the feeling of euphoria.Taking time to help others doesn’t mean you need to join an orphanage in India. Just start focusing more on ot her people and helping them. Ask colleagues every day what you can do to help, visit a friend to help or give money to a charity close to your heart. Focus on the little actions and be mindful of the power of a helping hand.9. Spend time with friendsWe humans are social animals and as much of we love to hate other people’s company at times â€" the boss really doesn’t need to come to every coffee meeting to stop us from gossiping and your mother-in-law can spend holidays elsewhere as well â€" deep-down we love and cherish other people’s company.Now, before you get excited, there seems to be one specific ‘but’ to this. Research has found your friends give you a happiness boost and not your family or your children â€" oops! So, if you want to stay happy, allocate time to spend with your friends. Remember to make them in-person connections, though! According to research, physical touch decreases anxiety and makes us happier.10. Take out the credit card â€" for othersWhile mone y might not buy happiness, it can definitely make you happier. There is in fact research that quite clearly suggests a certain income level makes people happier. For more on this, check out the YouTube video below: However, spending money can have another positive impact on your mood â€" you just need to ensure you’re using the credit card to buy something for others, not yourself. According to a study, published in Science in 2008, people who spend money on others rather than themselves feel an immediate boost in happiness. So, you should start splashing out some money on gifts and other little treats for others. Just make sure you stay on budget!HABITS THAT ORGANIZE YOUR LIFEFinally, happiness does not enjoy clutter and chaos. If everything is a mess and you don’t know what is going on, you can’t realize the good things around you and feel enjoyment. So, make sure to organize your life with the following habits and feel happier in the process.11. Tackle negative eventsHappy people aren’t just better at avoiding the bad things in life, as a cynic might say. Being happy isn’t about covering your head in the sand â€" indeed, it is about staying resilient and dealing with those negative feelings and events. You want to understand disappointment.When a negative thing happens or you feel really down, take a moment to understand what is happening. More importantly, find the silver lining. If you focus on solutions rather than the emotions, you can move on and deal with the negative emotions. You don’t bury them only to find them popping up later, but you deal and tackle them.12. Set realistic goalsHaving dreams and goals can be helpful for your happiness. People who set goals are more fulfilled because they maintain focus â€" they set their minds to achieving the things they want and need to achieve. Ticking off a goal from your list always gives you that powerful sense of accomplishment â€" you feel good and proud about yourself.Setting goals also give s you a chance to clarify your objectives. If you set life goals, such as things you want to achieve in the next five years, you need to analyze your life and your dreams. You get more clarity in the things you actually care about and want to work towards to.There is one important thing to understand about happiness and the habit of setting goals. These goals must be realistic. Notice the word carefully; realistic does not equal to pessimistic. According to psychologist Sophia Chou, you need to be a ‘realistic optimist’, meaning you are able to face reality â€" the work market is really difficult at the moment â€" with a positive outlook â€" I can take a course to improve my hire-ability.13. Do things you enjoy â€" even when you don’t want toThink about your happiest moments. What are the things you’ve been doing or things you enjoy doing most often? If you think about it, happiness isn’t rocket science â€" you just need to do the things you enjoy.The key is to get your bu tt up to do these even when you don’t feel like it. When you are down and it’s raining, it’s easy to create a dialogue in your head that says, “Just stay home and sulk in the sofa”. But if you are a movie fanatic, you might actually enjoy going to the cinema, even if it doesn’t feel good in the particular moment.Sticking to routines that make you happy, such as reading, even when you don’t really feel like it can help you feel happy. Going out with friends can turn out to be the best time of your life, even though you felt a bit tired.14. Keep regular journal of your feelingsYou should also adopt the habit of keeping a journal, especially about your feelings. A team of psychologists studied the benefits of recording one’s emotions and found that those who recorded feelings for 20-minutes a day felt calmer than those that just wrote down neutral thoughts.The act of writing, as mentioned earlier, gives you perspective on the emotions and helps you analyze your feelings . By writing down your disappointment, you might realize things aren’t actually that bad.Robin Sharma has made a great video on how to start journaling: 15. Learn new skillsHappy people also have a growth mentality and they are always willing to learn new things. According to research, people who continue to learn new skills will feel happier in the long-term than those who don’t.So, even when you are learning something you don’t enjoy in that moment â€" such as improving your math skills â€" you will experience long-term benefits. The same research also emphasized the amount of work you put in acquiring the skills. The harder you work, the happier you will feel.Don’t be afraid to pick up new hobbies â€" the art of learning and then succeeding can be beneficial to your mood. So, whether it is learning to speak a new language, starting gardening or taking up a new sport, you should never stop learning new things and expanding your mind.BONUS TIPSounds like the above won’t l ead to a happy and fulfilling life? You have one more option that experts recommend could help you find happiness: move to Denmark. The Scandinavian country took the top spot in the World Happiness Report in 2016.The report ranks countries on a variety of measurements, including trust in fellow citizens, social support available and the freedom to make choices. Denmark took the top spot and ranked high in a number of these categories, making it a country that might provide just the right kind of environment for you to lead a happy life.However, could Denmark’s high rank just be down to one other important measure? The country is among the leading countries for antidepressant consumption per capita.So, before you pack your bags to move to Denmark, perhaps it’s important to just acknowledge one thing about happiness â€" it is a state of mind. Don’t expect it to just pop in; you must learn to live with both the good and the bad.HAPPINESS â€" LITTLE HABITS THAT COUNTThe above 15 h abits are definitely worth adopting, especially because there’s evidence to support the claims. Happiness is not impossible to achieve and it doesn’t require huge changes. Small, positive habits in the things you do, think and work towards to can make you happier.However, don’t become obsessed with happiness â€" life won’t always be full of sunshine. Sometimes you are handed lemons and you just need to make that lemonade.

The Novel The Spirit Level I Came Into Inequality

While reading The Spirit Level I came into conclusion that the inequality in developed countries is great threat to society as a whole. The major issues that are brought up in the book are the inequality between the rich and the poor in developed countries but also the comparison between developing countries. The book dives into several factors that are the effects of the inequality ranging from obesity, teenage birth, life expectancy etc.†¦ I would discuss in depth on each of these factors and how they all are key components in society and how they add to the inequality in developed countries. One of the first factors the book brings up is the issue of trust and how it is a main factor in society, trust is what keeps us from not turning on each other and seeing others as cooperative rather than competitive. According to the book â€Å" trust has fallen from a high 60 percent from 1960 to a low of less than 40 percent in 2004†, this facts gives insight into the society we are living in now. When I read this, I could only think of the mindset many people have now, job security is tight and that everyone is seen as competition. I for one living in America I always have a sense that everyone wants to be on top, and they are willing to do everything to get the job or position, instead of trying to change the way of selfishness, we are adding to it, especially with social media. 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Basketball The Greatest Sports Around Today - 1114 Words

Basketball is one of the greatest sports around today. It was created in 1891 by a man named James Naismith who was born in Canada but moved to the United States to work as a professor, physical education teacher, and coach in Springfield Massachusetts. Springfield has some long, cold winters. On one of these days the team could not go out to practice so he created a game to condition his team. This game Naismith named basketball. When Naismith first designed basketball a net and a metal rim were not used in the game. The teams used some peach baskets which didn t have any holes in them so when they would make a shoot, a player would have to climb a ladder to get the ball down (The Undisputed Guide To Pro Basketball History). Needless†¦show more content†¦Three points are awarded if a basket is made from behind this line. The logic behind the additional point is that it is harder to make a basket from farther away. The additional of this line and dribbling of the ball, cha nged the player’s role. Today’s basketball players specialize as post players, the big athletes that play close to the basket, point guards who specialize in dripping, and the shooting guards who shoot the long three pointers. One of best shooting guards of all times is Kobe Bryant. Kobe is considered one of the best at his position because of the hardware he has accumulated. He has won five championship rings, one most valuable player (MVP) during those championships, and three finals MVP. He was also elected 18 times to the National Basketball Association (NBA) All Star team. Winning these awards can be attributed to his scoring ability. Kobe is currently ranked 3 in all time scoring with 33,644 points. Scoring all these points can be attributed to his longevity in the sport. Kobe went directly from high school to the NBA. Kobe is considered the number one best draft surprises. â€Å"Bryant was viewed as a gamble when he Hornets traded his rights to Los Angeles for Vlade Divac. Bryant became his era s biggest winner while leading the Lakers to five NBA Championships† (page 282). Michael Jordan, according toShow MoreRelatedHistory of Basketball848 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Basketball Basketball has been around for over 100 years, and from the very beginning to now, the sport has come a long way. Basketball is extremely popular around the world, it is a court game played by two teams of five players each. The object is to put a ball through a hoop, or basket, and thus score more points than the opposing team (Naismith). Today there is the NBA as the professional league and colleges all across America has picked up the game of basketball also. Today you turnRead MoreThe Game of Basketball Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesThe Game of Basketball Many sports were invented to pass time. 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Othello study question Free Essays

There are three mall reasons for why Ago hates Othello. The first being that Ago deeply believes that there used to be an affair between his wife Email and Othello. While there is no actual evidence to support the affair, the fact that Ago believes it happened supports the fact that he is very paranoid and might be searching for reasons to hate Othello. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello study question or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second is that Othello denied Ago a promotion he believes he very much deserved. The fact that Othello gives the promotion to Cassia is what leads Ago to take out revenge on both. The third (and most obvious reason to me) Is the simple fact that Othello Is a Moor (black) and Ago Is angry act the fact Othello has authority over him and is praised by the other characters. On line 1. 3. 322, Ago meant that we get to choose who we want to be and that whatever we nurture becomes our nature. Ago chose to warn Othello because he is two-faced and wants to remain on Othello side just long enough to take him down. . Line 1. 2. 60, spoken by Othello, means that neither Barbarian or Ordering had ever drawn there swords before. Othello is mocking them because they are both inexperienced and are pulling out shiny new swords against a great warrior. Act 2 1 . Ago (who we all know to be a sexist by now) Is very cynical towards females and views them all as meaningless. We can tell from way he treats his wife that he Is unappreciative of women. He Is also very critical and engrav e towards all women, believing them to be nothing but deceptive. On line Ago describes women as being â€Å"pictures out of doors, bells in your parlors, wildcats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries, devils being offended, Players in your housewife, and housewives in your beds† (all deceptive and unfaithful creatures). . Shakespeare reveals Sago’s true character through soliloquies because they give Ago a chance to actually be honest outside of his deceptive character in the main story. This is where the dramatic irony of the drama comes from. Sago’s soliloquies also further the motif of the contrast between light and darkness (Ago revealing in his soliloquies the darkness of his heart matches the darkness of Othello skin, making them opposites Inside and out and how most of lagans evil plans are set Into motion at night, the physical representation of Sago’s Inner personality). All of this How to cite Othello study question, Papers

Othello study question Free Essays

There are three mall reasons for why Ago hates Othello. The first being that Ago deeply believes that there used to be an affair between his wife Email and Othello. While there is no actual evidence to support the affair, the fact that Ago believes it happened supports the fact that he is very paranoid and might be searching for reasons to hate Othello. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello study question or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second is that Othello denied Ago a promotion he believes he very much deserved. The fact that Othello gives the promotion to Cassia is what leads Ago to take out revenge on both. The third (and most obvious reason to me) Is the simple fact that Othello Is a Moor (black) and Ago Is angry act the fact Othello has authority over him and is praised by the other characters. On line 1. 3. 322, Ago meant that we get to choose who we want to be and that whatever we nurture becomes our nature. Ago chose to warn Othello because he is two-faced and wants to remain on Othello side just long enough to take him down. . Line 1. 2. 60, spoken by Othello, means that neither Barbarian or Ordering had ever drawn there swords before. Othello is mocking them because they are both inexperienced and are pulling out shiny new swords against a great warrior. Act 2 1 . Ago (who we all know to be a sexist by now) Is very cynical towards females and views them all as meaningless. We can tell from way he treats his wife that he Is unappreciative of women. He Is also very critical and engrav e towards all women, believing them to be nothing but deceptive. On line Ago describes women as being â€Å"pictures out of doors, bells in your parlors, wildcats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries, devils being offended, Players in your housewife, and housewives in your beds† (all deceptive and unfaithful creatures). . Shakespeare reveals Sago’s true character through soliloquies because they give Ago a chance to actually be honest outside of his deceptive character in the main story. This is where the dramatic irony of the drama comes from. Sago’s soliloquies also further the motif of the contrast between light and darkness (Ago revealing in his soliloquies the darkness of his heart matches the darkness of Othello skin, making them opposites Inside and out and how most of lagans evil plans are set Into motion at night, the physical representation of Sago’s Inner personality). All of this How to cite Othello study question, Papers

Liberal Democracy vs. Autocracy free essay sample

Though the pervasiveness of liberalism and democracy is readily apparent throughout those states that recognize the socioeconomic benefits stimulated by these ideals, there remains still a myriad of complex governing systems that seem to shirk the possibilities of this apotheosized ideology in favor of highly variable authoritarian manifestations. Yet this is not simply a case where one ideology may be chosen based on the particular needs and relative cultural norms of one society versus another with the two forms existing in global harmony; rather it is the case that liberal democracy generally remains significantly more stable, incites less violence, and promotes economic progress in far greater frequencies than the various blends of autocracy. It would seem then, that liberal democracy is the superior ideological foundation for successful, prosperous, and stable governance—an argument asserted quite controversially by Francis Fukuyama, qualified and advocated by Fareed Zakaria, and rooted as a central concern of this paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Liberal Democracy vs. Autocracy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, this paper is not to be cast upon the painfully mounting stack of virtually inapplicable and redundant analyses of democratic versus authoritarian institutions by withered, aloof academics far removed from current developments in international affairs. Rather, it endeavors to proffer a unique perspective demonstrating liberal autocracy as a possible deviation from Fukuyama’s conception of the â€Å"end of history,† through the use of concrete and theoretical observations of recent political instability and military coups in Guinea with particular attention to its ideological limbo resultant from its suspension between the desire for liberalism and its susceptibility to autocratic command. On the â€Å"End of History† Before embarking upon the daunting task of systematically dissecting Guinean politics, it is necessary first to briefly discuss the arguments set forth by Fukuyama and Zakaria in order to later respond to them. Most scrutinizing readers of Fukuyama’s article â€Å"The End of History† recognized that the certainty that liberal democracy is to be the inevitable omnipresent ideology in the future of world governance depends on whether there are â€Å"viable alternatives to liberal democracy visible in the world today† (Fukuyama 1993; xxi). But Fukuyama delves deeper than this singular question in the book spurned by his article, affirming the above question but also emphasizing the â€Å"goodness of liberal democracy† being that it is the best ideal beyond which government cannot progress any further (1993; 287). This is because the values inherent in liberal democracy—specifically liberty and equality—satisfy the innate human desire for â€Å"recognition,† a philosophical term referring to man’s need to retain dignity and seek equality and self-worth (1993; xvi-xvii). This logic plainly begs the question: Is liberal democracy truly the only form of governance that has the capability to satisfy man’s need for so-called â€Å"recognition? † Zakaria goes on to proclaim that democracy â€Å"represents the â€Å"last best hope† for people around the world,† a clear parallel to Fukuyama, but quantifies the spread of democracy through noting the potentiality for illiberal democracy which is, in essence, pseudo-democracy in that it masks an authoritarian regime with usually rigged elections and opposition repression and fails to establish legitimate political institutions (Zakaria 2007; 89-118). He propones the institution of â€Å"rule-of-law† and capitalism before worrying about elections by reason that they are troublesome and misleading especially in the absence of constitutional liberalism (2007; 55). Through this, Zakaria establishes that liberal autocracy might be the necessary sojourn on the way to liberal democracy through gradualism. A Short History of Military Coups in Guinea Upon gaining independence from France in 1958, Guinea installed the idealistic leader whom had spearheaded the anti-Franco movement, Sekou Toure, who established the only party in Guinea, The Party of Democratic Guinea (PDG) and ironically ruled as anything but democratically (Mwakikagile 2001; 59). He pursued isolationist policies, instituted rigged elections, violently repressed his opponents, and failed to institute effective economic progress, all factors stimulating internal threats against him, which he quelled time and again through the loyalty of his military (2001; 60). He promised numerous reforms, many of them democratic, to â€Å"achieve complete decolonization and de-occidentalization† which would be actualized through socialism but went largely ignored (2001; 60). Eventually he was forced to seek aid from the United States and France due to terrible economic performance despite incredibly rich mineral resources (2001; 61). After an abundance of coup attempts, Toure strengthened his iron grip on Guinea and maintained it due to the enormous power he wielded as head of both the government and the ruling party (2001; 63). After 26 years of rule, Toure died suddenly in 1984 (2001; 64). Strangely enough, Toure had appointed no clear successor to his regime and this coupled with the lack of popular support for his civilian government gave ample opportunity for Colonel Lansana Conte’s military coup to smoothly seize power (Arieff and Cook 2009; 35). He â€Å"promised to restore free enterprise and democracy† just as Toure had promised democracy (Mwakikagile 2001; 64). But, as history does repeat itself, Conte worked quickly to consolidate his power and suppress his opponents, often through violent means (2001; 64). He did however manage to pass some beneficial reforms and make concessions to lower-ranking soldiers and civilians in order to preserve his legitimacy during the decades of his tenure, unlike his predecessor (Arieff and Cook 2009; 35-36). Unfortunately, during the 1990s, Conte continuously promised and delayed democratic and electoral reforms, stimulating great frustration and discontent within the populace and inciting yet another coup attempt against him, which he did not suppress but instead luckily appeased through complying with the demands of the coup leaders (2009; 38-39). When democratic reforms were introduced, they were nothing more than the same pseudo-democratic elections and opposition suppression to which the people had already been exposed (2009; 36-37). It was not until his death in 2008 that a coup, led by Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, was able to successfully seize power just as Conte had done to embark upon his own regime (2009; 1). Guinean Military Coups Explained Concisely as can be stated, Toure’s rather abrupt seizure of political control was a case of one-party regime establishment brought on by undercurrents of ideology and bloodless revolution that degenerated into personalist rule according to the outline of one-party regimes set forth by Paul Brooker (Brooker 2009; 125). But it is the decay and breakdown of his regime and how this led to the 1984 Conte coup that is particularly relevant to the fate of Guinean politics. In the case of Toure’s regime, it can be aid that the stimuli for breakdown and overthrow were already in place, with only the opportunity missing and for which Toure’s rather convenient death provided. These stimuli were economic decay and inefficiency resultant from poor governance and failed economic reforms, which alongside the repression of the masses, dwindling public support, and lack of fulfillment of promises made to the public regarding democratic reforms spurred the development of delegiti mation in the government, which then provoked the various coup attempts suppressed by Toure (Kalyvas 1999; 329-332). In analyzing military intervention, Brooker utilizes three conditions that must be satisfied before Finer’s calculus of intervention can be invoked and military takeover inevitable: motives, means, and opportunity (Brooker 2009; 86). The motives encompass various forms of interest, but in Guinea’s case national interest (instituting democracy) compounded with corporate self-interest—that is, military aspirations for further societal influence and the personal ambitions of its leaders often motivated by greed—and sprinkled with the individual self-interest of Conte as made clear by his conduct in office—that is enforcing his individual dominion and repressing opposition—after seizing power is the most probable mixture (2009; 86). Obviously the means aspect was satisfied, for there was a well-equipped military loyal to the usurping leader, Conte, and would take power through a corporate coup, where mainly Conte and the highest ranking officials seized power by way of entering the capital and detaining and disposing of the civilian government’s officials while stationing the lower ranks in various strategic points in the surrounding area (2009; 93). Finally, the opportunity was clear: the former personalist authoritarian dictator whom was central to state authority and cohesion was dead, thereby providing a window of weak government allowing for easy takeover (2009; 96). Smith affirms the relevance of this opportunity, stating that â€Å"regimes might well be most likely to break down during the process of succession† (Smith 2005; 428). Once these preconditions are established to provoke the possibility of a coup, Finer’s calculus of intervention may be applied to determine the actualization of coup interference: military disposition instigated through Brooker’s motives and a reasonable opportunity for success combine, and in this case there is clear disposition resultant from the aforementioned issues to intervene and easy opportunity for such intervention due to the delegitimation of the government and the death of its leader (2009; 85). Decalo inserts the ‘personal’ element into this diagnosis, for it is clear that the decades of rule after Conte were strongly and directly influenced by his will: â€Å"whenever an elite (civil or military) captures power, its own corporate interests are among the first to be promoted† (Arieff and Cook 2009; 8; Decalo 1973; 115). After seizing power, Conte did indeed strengthen the military through a hefty increase in salaries and privileges; however this was more deterrence of coups against his government than in actual military self-interest (Mwakikagile 2001; 66). Conte’s one party regime also degenerated into one of personalist rule as coup attempts and loss of legitimacy forced him to grapple for more power in order to maintain his hold on Guinea (Arieff and Cook 2009; 37-39). Brownlee would regard Conte’s actions in retaining control over the military through nepotism as a successful deterrence of internal threats that ultimately contributed to the decades of longevity experienced by the Conte regime (Brownlee 2002; 38-39). Further contributing to this longevity was the correlation between the capacity for repression and regime durability, and because Guinea was able to function relatively independently of superpowers despite utilizing their aid, Conte could repress to utmost extremes without hindrance, thereby staving off potential overthrows due to the threat of persecution and thus remaining in power longer than he would otherwise probably have been able (2002; 49). Decalo also notes that a military coup is more successful when it diverges from its military governance and becomes a civilian government, with a military leader transforming into a political leader rather quickly, which is precisely what Conte accomplished (Decalo 1973; 117). Hence, Conte was able to preserve his hold on the Guinean government and extend his tenure through pseudo-democracy and extra-constitutional means. This longevity was to be interrupted by the sudden death of Conte in 2008, which stimulated the most recent coup, but this time there was a successor who was simply barred from assuming power once Captain Camara utilized his troops to usurp the capital and detain officials much as Conte had done before him. This military junta established an assembly called the National Council for Democracy and Development which dissolved the superficial constitution and promised to hold elections in two years (Arieff and Cook 2009; 9). By this time, Conte had run the regime into the ground in a strikingly parallel fashion to how Toure had managed it: through delegitimation, economic decay, corruption, excessive repression, and overall bad governance (2009; 9-10). Ironically, the conditions and exacerbations for Camara’s coup on Conte’s regime are exactly parallel to those of Conte’s coup on Toure’s regime; therefore there is no need to reiterate the theoretical explanation for its occurrence. Upon ascendency to power, Camara immediately asserted the junta’s authority by replacing civilian officials with military ones and sought to neutralize opposition. This is concurrent with Brooker’s argument regarding the aftermath of usurpation, in that the new government and leader must consolidate power or risk being unable to withstand another budding coup (Brooker 2007; 132-133). Consolidation of control leads to legitimacy of governance and Finer argues the necessity of this to successful military coups by recognizing the necessity of establishing protection against mutinies in this period of turbulence, and especially for garnering civilian obedience in order to surpass the need to use brute force constantly, which can severely undermine the morale of the populace and therefore the support for and legitimacy of the embryonic state (2007; 133-134). In the resounding words of Zakaria, â€Å"legitimacy is the elixir of political power† (Zakaria 2007; 255). Similarly to Conte and Toure, Camara has yet to institute significant democratic reforms as promised which have resulted in election delay and an expected Camara candidacy once elections are in place, and it is not unreasonable to conclude that Camara may rig those elections in his favor as well with the current authoritarian trends of the military junta, for Camara rejected criticism of his potential bid for candidacy based on the grounds that it threatened the transparency and purpose of the military junta (Arieff and Cook 2009; 17). The sole difference currently between Camara, Conte, and Toure seems to be that Camara has managed to earn a considerable degree of popular support, though this may be explained more by his nascent government which has yet to do significant socioeconomic damage than with genuine favor (2009; 18). Why Liberal Autocracy may be a Viable Option for Guinea It is clear that Guinea is struggling between the pull of democracy and autocratic seizures inhibiting democratic development. In its case however, the pursuance of democratic ideology seems to be motivated by the desire to achieve economic development for in every breakdown discussed economic decay was a consistently prevailing factor. Without democratic institutions, Guinea will remain without the aid it once garnered from superpowers (Arieff and Cook 2009; 24-27). In the absence of such understandable motives for democratic transition, there is no evidence that democratic ideals would still be pursued, for Guinea is not a culture with ingrained traditions of constitutional liberalism, to borrow Zakaria’s term, which would promote democracy from within. It is also interesting to note that Guinea is 85% Islamic, where liberty and equality are not exactly fundamental values (Mwakikagile 2001; 61). How then, could the Guinean people obtain a measure of social liberties in spheres unrelated to the political realms when the constant invasion by authoritarian coups seems to imply those liberties as being unattainable, but that which would stimulate capitalistic behaviors and therefore economic growth, curtail violence against the populace and armed conflict, while still allowing for the tendency towards authoritarianism in the political sector? The answer seems to be liberal autocracy as promulgated by Zakaria but manifested in a more prominent form than simply as a transitional entity. In reference to Fukuyama’s argument for the need to satisfy man’s need for â€Å"recognition,† in a well established liberal autocracy citizens would retain their dignity and opportunities for improvement outside of the political realm, which naturally encompasses a broad range of possibilities in the business, educational, and service sectors. However, the degree of such fulfillment may not necessarily be as extensive as that was envisioned by Fukuyama in a country where liberty and equality are not ubiquitous social ideals, so liberal autocracy may succeed by allowing economic development and personal freedoms solely relative to individual progress without the need for full-blown liberalism due to variances in culture—in Guinea’s case, its Islamic background and persistent tribalism. In a liberal autocracy, there would be some input in governmental affairs such as infrastructure or education, but none that would threaten the stability of the regime itself such as powers of impeachment by representatives of the people or the ability for state challengers to gain support and make demand hence opposition would still be subdued. But it certainly is possible, especially with the elusiveness of definitive and successful democratic political institutions in the case of Guinea. Liberal autocracy seems a viable and even probable alternative for it essentially embodies a â€Å"win-win† situation as a compromise between the interests of the people and of the type of government that is most able to gain political clout in their nation. As Daniel Brumberg contends: It is now clear, both within and far beyond the Middle East, that liberalized autocracy has proven far more durable than once imagined The trademark mixture of guided pluralism, controlled elections, and selective repression†¦is not just a â€Å"survival strategy† adopted by authoritarian regimes, but rather a type of political system whose institutions, rules, and logic defy any linear model of democratization. (Brumberg 2002; 56). But there is still the looming question of how liberal autocracy would not need to eventually develop into liberal democracy. The answer lies in the fact that liberal democracy itself was a tremendously lengthy process that hadn’t fully asserted itself until the latter half of the twentieth-century. So how is liberal autocracy expected to develop overnight into what it is capable of being decades from now?

Apple Business Model Essays

Apple Business Model Essays Apple Business Model Paper Apple Business Model Paper According to this say, it is not difficult to find its success story was attributed to its unprecedented innovative business model, which was 2 leader of corresponding industry due to the innovation of business model. Status shows 1 1 out of 27 new entering Fortune 500 companies from the year 1998 to 2007 considered their success was owing to the innovation of business models. The percentage approach 50% which is a huge evidence to prove the significance of business model, especially for Apple, whom I want to deliver an analysis followed, and gave a suggestion on its future development. Apples Business Model Elements of successful business model A successful business model is a system that creates and delivers values to customer, consisting of four crucial elements: customer value, profit pattern, key resource and critical process. Customer value refers to the irreplaceable value only you can provide to the clients, not the other competitors. Profit pattern means that how you will develop a benefit-earning system from the procedure of creating customer values. Key resource is fundamental for the company to integrate all they have internally and externally to establish a more beneficial environment where breeds customer value. Critical process can ensure customer value via standard operation and matching culture. It is can be seen that customer value is the core of the whole business model and profit pattern represent companys value, while key resource and critical process describe how to achieve the formers. Apples innovation on its business model It is Apple run such a brand new system from customer value, profit pattern, key source and critical process that made it change the fading traditional PC industry and lead it, as well as the Mobile product industry. Customer Value Innovation We can drop from the article that from pod tunes, phone App Store, pad product launched, Apple has set up a rule for the traditional music, mobile and publishing industry, into which inserted a significant transformation by mastering the key part of hardware, software, and additional service. This made Apple be the King of the new consumer electronics world. As above discussed, a successful business model is Judged mostly whether it offers consumers a new value that they have never seen. As for Apple, this kind of customer value means that they provide the advanced technology beyond the monitors, especially when Steve Jobs came back. Apple started to redefine the customers need, break out feudalistic thinking, combining the advanced techniques, reasonable cost and outstanding marketing. Profit Pattern Innovation The second step for running a successful business model is defining profit patter. It can be seen from the article that there are three main ways for Apple to earn profit. Three ways First one is selling price for the hardware product (pod, mimic, phone, pad) for one time. Second one is selling price for the accessories of corresponding products, like transmitter, adapter, mouse, earphone, etc. Last but the least, selling software and music via Apples store and Tunes and the gaining commission fee by running the platform is a consistent source for earning profit. B) Driving reasons The article has made a clear analysis on these three profit ways which can be positively impact each other by its own sales. On one hand, due to the excellent industrial design in appearance, and over hundred thousands music as well as applications on line, no matter pod, phone or pad, these three mobile devices are profitable far beyond the similar products. On the other hand, thanks to the amazing reward components and high sales number, those applications are more valuable and accelerate more and more new software developing and embrace more and better content into Apples supply chain. C) The most profitable part and examples According to the article, what irritated Microsoft, Intel and other industry leader, Apple is no longer the idol for minority, but also for the community. Apple is controlling the most profitable part which is RD, channels and sales, whats more importantly, Apples hardware, SO, and platform like tunes, APP Store is only suitable to Apple ecosystem, ND not open to outside manufacturers. Take tunes for instance, from year 2005 to 2009, revenue from downloading music was dominating a high place, even in 2009 when appeared the worst sale of pod, the music downloading revenue still rose by 21%, increasing the market share of musical service from 16. 4% up to 33. 3%, total revenue was 4. 036 billion USED. It was the worst status. Take another eye on APP Store. Status up to June 2010 shown, more than 4 billions times free download happened in APP Store. The percentage of charging download is 19% with an average price 1. 49 USED, in which Apple can share 29 cent per each unload. Since 2008, APP Store has created revenue for the third party of APP developer (over 1 billion SAID), as well as Apple itself with 4. 28 commission fees. Challenges Analysis This section analyzes challenges faced and arguments on the key decisions that need how they are related to the business model and each other. Apples challenges The rapid development of science and technology and the change of peoples value result in an increasingly competitive global economy. How to find and maintain competitive advantage, and how to create value for customers while achieving growth n enterprise value, has become the most important issue faced by Apple, especially after Steve Jobs passing away. At my point of view, now Apple is facing some challenges from its fierce competitors, the disappointment from consumers high expectation, and weaker brand recognition. I will conduct an analysis with Porters Five Force model and Innovation Matrix. 3. 2. Porters Five Force Model analysis Michael Porters model of Five Forces can be used to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates. Porters Five Forces model is a strategy tool that is seed to analyze attractiveness of an industry structure. Fig 1 . Michael Porters Model of Five Forces 3. 2. 1 . Threat of new entrants What profitable markets Phone and Pad brought that yield high returns has attracted new firms. This resulted in many new entrants like Samsung who created Galaxy series for its Android phone and Android tablet, Google, Microsoft, and traditional PC manufacturers like SASS, HP and ACRE, which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. The entry barrier for this consumers electronics is high before, for example, technology, patents, rights, etc. However, with the technology communication, the entry barriers is lower and lower, especially many small electronic companies in Mainland China have fight into this battle. Apple now is followed by numerous of competitors. Threat of substitute products or services From the article we knew that Steve Jobs was quite angry that the existence of Android, and he swore he would put every penny to sue Android whom he thought a baby from a thief. Thats the substitute product, which is outside of the realm of the common product boundaries increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives. The substitute product of Phone appeared so early that it is not surprised for us to think about the replacement for Pad, Pod, Mac. Googles SO Android is no wondering the biggest competitors towards Apple, which is open source that can be operated in any other Brands product only if they adopt Android system. This strongly enlarges the substitute products range for the customers. Buyer switching costs is so low for this, and even they can gain more advantages, like cheaper products, and not bad user experience. 3. 2. 3. Bargaining power of customers (buyers) The bargaining power of customers is also described as the market of outputs: the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure, which also affects the customers sensitivity to price changes. Very luckily the bargaining power of customer is not so strong for Apple that Apple can always set a high standard for its pricing strategy. It seems the good days have gone. With the fierce competition from the varieties of manufacturers, the selling price for smart phone and tablet is going down sharply. Take a similar 4-core CPU smart phone for instance, Phone 4 is sold around RMI 200 when it firstly came out, while Samsung Galaxy SO is sold a little bit lower, around RMI 4800, and the other phone brands sold three quarter price of that, like LOG, Leno, even you can see Just around RMI 2000 by China local brand MI. In this price battle, some customers not stable Apples fans will have a try, and doubt that whether Apples product is over-priced. This is significantly affected what we mention in the first part, customer value, what really matters to Apple, not in a good way. 3. 2. 4. Bargaining power of suppliers We all know Apple is good at supply chain management which is made it so successful to control the cost of production. Suppliers in Apples supply chain are given little negotiation right but Just to accept in the past. In this five force model, the bargaining power of suppliers is also described as the market of inputs. Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the company, when there are few substitutes. Suppliers may refuse to work with the company, or, for example, charge excessively high prices for unique resources. At present, this is still rare for Apples vendors unless they are bleeding to give up Apples big order. However, according to some interviews to their vendors, many of them are complaining Apples over strict contract terms, and limit benefit space for them. Therefore, although Apple is still controlling very small angle in the cooperation with the suppliers, it should be cautious of supplier competition ability to forward vertically integrate and cut out the buyer. Intensity of competitive rivalry The intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry. Apple should spare an eye on competition between online and offline impasses, and focus on its sustainable competitive advantage through innovation, and stick to the powerful competitive strategy. Apples Fishbone Diagram I drew a Fishbone Diagram for my recommendation to achieve Web 2. 0 strategy for Apple, see below graph. Fig 3. Apples Fishbone Diagram I will put some highlights on below analysis. Monitoring for Apple with Web 2. 0 strategy Apples renewable profit pattern has been discussed in the business model section at the very beginning. I want to recommend two ways for improving. N-sided platform Apple has already connected two groups: buyers and sellers. Buyers are the main source of revenue; while it charges commission fee from record company while customers download music from Tunes. I suggest Apple can involve more groups into this platform, involving more partners or users but not direct consumers, to be cited as an n-sided market. I assume this is can be started from software service. Multiple revenue stream Multiple income streams are an idea in unstable economies that manage the risk. Adding additional revenue streams can keep Apple from totally panicking if one area slows down. Having multiple revenue streams means more to manage. But it also serves as the foundation of a healthy business. Platform Innovation Production Apple drove Foxhounds benefit up due to it put most of the production line into it. Foxing is famous for double decreasing the suppliers quotation so that it can earn the space of cost. For example, a company quoted $1 to Apple, so Apple will place $1 as unit price to Foxing plus the manufacturing fees, but Foxing will force a company decrease its price like $0. 09, so that it can earn $0. 1 per PCs. I think this will damage the suppliers good, Apple can create a more controlled way to monitor the stories action, or share more order to other qualified manufacturers, like BODY, etc. Creative and Media Like Pod and Tunes, Apple can create an ecosystem for Pad and Phone, not only APS Store, but an entertainment ecosystem. From SASS Transformer. Unlike dock, Apple can develop more and more funny accessories for consumers to enlarge the function of their devices.

Building a Technology Resume

Building a Technology Resume One of the biggest trials for many job-seekers is creating the perfect resume. You can find a professional to do it for you, or you can use a template, but if you are a proponent of the DIY attitude (like most of us in IT), then you need to know how to include your IT skills in a clean and readable format. You also need to make sure to utilize important keywords. Whether your resume is already online or still in paper form, it is likely to end up in a database at some point and you need to make sure it comes up in the right searches. The first step to including your technology-related skills is to make a simple list. Write down the things you know enough about to be comfortable discussing in an interview. Keep the items with which you are most proficient near the top of the list.Step two is to categorize your skills. Do any of them fall under a general heading such as Network Security or Database Administration? If you can list several of these category-level skills, they can be used on the resume in a separate section. They can also be used as descriptions in your summary or objective section. For example: Skilled professional with over five years of experience as a Web Developer and Network Administrator. List your certifications. If you have more than two, include them in your technology section. If you have two or less, move them to an Education and Certification section. Your education section can be placed at the bottom of the resume if your experience outweighs your education, or towards the top of the res ume if you are a recent grad, new to IT, hold a graduate degree, or are currently working on furthering your education. Make sure to format the information so that it is readable, and very easy to scan at a glance. Bullets are great for this, but dont get too carried away and bullet ad nauseam. Using tables and strategic shading are also good ways to organize your information.Finally, take a look at some samples. They are relatively easy to find on the internet and I have provided a couple on a separate page.Show me the SamplesShow me a list of words and phrases for resumesShow me some general resume-writing tips Create a Career Outline Think of your resume as the story of your career. As such, it needs to be organized to best highlight your strengths. How would you answer if you were to be asked, what have you accomplished? or where would you start? If you are fresh out of school, use your education as your strong point. GPA, accolades, club participation, etc. will be your focus.If you have 20 years of solid experience, start defining your accomplishments during each job role.If you have five years of experience, divide your strengths between education/certification and experience. Introduce Yourself Always start with your name and contact information. From there, decide if you need an introduction or objective statement. This is a personal decision and should be worded carefully if used. If you use this section, do not get too personal and do not use I or the ever-popular Seeking to . . .. Be simple and straightforward: Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) with seven years of IT Consulting experience. Skilled at assessing project needs, training end users, and installing, managing, and configuring systems. Beef Up Your Vocabulary Throughout your resume use power words like maximize, dedicated, recognized, proficient, adept, capitalized, accomplished, motivated, decisive, strategic, etc. Show me more power words . . . Use Numbers Make sure to include numbers in the descriptions of your experience. Employers are notorious for wanting quantifiable achievements such as Decreased costs by 20% or Exceeded expectations by completing 4 months prior to deadline and lowering project budget by 10%. Show me more phrases . . . Use the Internet Sites like Monster.com have some great free resources devoted to helping you create a great resume. Resume Example Things to Avoid Do not use I or My. Do not say, references provided upon request. This is assumed and does not need to be stated.Do not list any skills that you are not proficient with. You may include a section titled Exposure To and list items that you have touched but not mastered.Do not let a single typo or misspelling get by you. Have someone else proof your resume before sending it out.Do not, without excellent reasons, include a section on hobbies. This information is not pertinent to your qualifications. Power Words Use the following words to accurately describe your experience and accomplishments. Break out your thesaurus if you are still stuck for the right verb or adjective. AdeptAdministeredAdroitAssessedAuthoredCapableChallengingCohesiveCollaborateCommunicationCompetentConceptualizedConductedConsistentlyConveyedDemonstratedDesignedDeterminedDevelopedDiligenceDrivenDynamicEffectiveEnhancedEstablishExceptionalExceededExpertExtensiveEvaluatedFacilitatedFocusImplementedInspiredInstrumentalIntroducedLaunchedLiaisonManagedMasteryMaximizedMentoredMotivatedNegotiatedOutstandingOversawPerformedPersistentPresentedProficientPromotedRapidRecognizedRecommendRecruitedSkilledSucceededSuccessfulSuperiorSupervisedTenaciousTrainedUniqueUtilized Phrases These are just a few examples of phrases that could be used in your resume. Use the power words above to create descriptive phrases such as . . . Solutions-orientedResults-drivenWell organizedHighly motivatedTop-ranked Use phrases such as these to describe qualitative accomplishments . . . Increased revenue by 200%Exceeded Goals by 20%Decreased costs by $1 MillionImpacted cost of . . . by $400,000Team ranked #1Exceeded quotas by . . .Exceeded expectationsImproved productivitySubstantially improved . . .by 40%Consistently ranked number one

Examine the main determinants of Foreign Direct Investment location Essay

Examine the main determinants of Foreign Direct Investment location and strategies employed by Transnational Corporations to maximise the net advantages of the - Essay Example Globalisation is also considered as a primary contributor to the methods used to develop foreign direct investments. In addition, the continuous change in technology also pushed for firms penetrating other markets. For most trans-national corporations (TNCs), the schemes associated with maximising foreign direct investment (FDI) are intricate. These processes are developed through time considering the environmental changes and other circumstantial elements. Logically, the methods in which FDI is maximised by TNCs can be attributed to their nature and existence. Holistically, focusing on TNCs in discussing FDI requires the profound understanding of the two concepts. It is imperative to establish relationships and determine useful trends regarding the subjects. In this process, the extraction of empirical evidence is a necessity and has to be manifested with high level of credibility. Moreover, in-depth analysis will be provided to ensure that the desired outcomes will be realised. The most qualifying description of a firm to consider as a trans-national is its operations. Accordingly, corporations that function in two or more countries are defined as TNCs. Moreover, the general view of TNC is divided into three subgroups. First, horizontally integrated TNCs administer production in different locations to manufacture similar products. Second, vertically integrated TNCs use other countries as inputs for their production. Finally, diversified TNCs operate in different firms that manage production in a manner neither explained by the previous two sub-groups. McLean and McMillan (2003) stated that TNCs became popular in the 1890s. Usually, TNCs are based in highly industrialised countries and expand in different economies. It is being contended that TNCs are influential in the policy making of host countries. This is because TNCs have the capacity to boost an economy and move capital from locations to the other. In addition, some firms control

Week 2 #2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 2 #2 - Coursework Example Secondly, the internal pay equity creates a good sensible business; thus improving the firm’s retention of its top performers and maximize its chances of hiring a top talent in the industry. Therefore, failure to manage the internal pay equity can result in losing employees to other companies and creates disloyalty among the employees (Kramar & Syed, 2012). The external pay equity management is also important for company’s success. Employers are expected to manage carefully determine the appropriate markets. Therefore, the management of the appropriate markets helps in having accurate external wage comparison. Thus, this reduces unnecessary payments in some areas (Kramar & Syed, 2012). For instance, a narrow determination of a market can lead to wage that higher that is expected. Therefore, employee inequity and equity perception are equally significant, and companies should consider as it sets its compensation objectives (Perkins & Perkins, 2011). Employees perceiving equitable pay treatment can be more motivated in supporting the company goals of performing better. In conclusion, about compensation, fairness is reached when pay is equal to work performed

Living with Epilepsy :: Personal Narrative Essays

Living with Epilepsy It was a cold, rainy day. I could see most of the kids at the bus stop had winter coats and hats. The clouds were particularly low in the sky. After evading the numerous puddles in the road, I reached the bus stop and walked up to a group of friends. A girl in my class spotted me and asked, "Are you going to the dance tomorrow?" I froze. I had forgotten about the dance and now was uncertain about whether I was going or not. "Yeah, probably," I answered. She nodded and we discussed other things, but my mind never wandered away from the question she had posed. Suddenly, the bus appeared and I climbed on and took a seat in the front. I needed some time to think. Ever since the doctors told me I had epilepsy, I have lived with an added stress. When I was younger it was not as stressful as it is now that I am in high school. I know that I have become increasingly self-conscious about it. The first seizure I ever had was in fourth grade. The doctors do not know what triggered the seizure, and I do not remember it. The students and teachers told me that I screamed and lost consciousness. Then I started jerking with muscle contractions. Later, the doctors told me I had epilepsy, specifically the type known as grand mal. Immediately, the doctors put me on some medications to prevent the seizures. They also gave my parents a bunch of packets of information about epilepsy. When I got older, some of those packets informed me that 20-25 million people have suffered from an epileptic seizure. Many people grow out of childhood epilepsy or they take medicine to control it. However, there is still a risk of having a seizure even if you take medication. Over the past few years, I have become increasingly aware of the chance of a seizure at any time. The day after my seizure, I came to school and the kids were a little frightened of me. It only took a little time for them to forget, but the few days after the seizure were unbearable. The kids acted like epilepsy was contagious. Of course, I understand that a seizure is a dramatic and frightening event. I can only speculate at what the kids in high school would do if they saw me having a seizure. Living with Epilepsy :: Personal Narrative Essays Living with Epilepsy It was a cold, rainy day. I could see most of the kids at the bus stop had winter coats and hats. The clouds were particularly low in the sky. After evading the numerous puddles in the road, I reached the bus stop and walked up to a group of friends. A girl in my class spotted me and asked, "Are you going to the dance tomorrow?" I froze. I had forgotten about the dance and now was uncertain about whether I was going or not. "Yeah, probably," I answered. She nodded and we discussed other things, but my mind never wandered away from the question she had posed. Suddenly, the bus appeared and I climbed on and took a seat in the front. I needed some time to think. Ever since the doctors told me I had epilepsy, I have lived with an added stress. When I was younger it was not as stressful as it is now that I am in high school. I know that I have become increasingly self-conscious about it. The first seizure I ever had was in fourth grade. The doctors do not know what triggered the seizure, and I do not remember it. The students and teachers told me that I screamed and lost consciousness. Then I started jerking with muscle contractions. Later, the doctors told me I had epilepsy, specifically the type known as grand mal. Immediately, the doctors put me on some medications to prevent the seizures. They also gave my parents a bunch of packets of information about epilepsy. When I got older, some of those packets informed me that 20-25 million people have suffered from an epileptic seizure. Many people grow out of childhood epilepsy or they take medicine to control it. However, there is still a risk of having a seizure even if you take medication. Over the past few years, I have become increasingly aware of the chance of a seizure at any time. The day after my seizure, I came to school and the kids were a little frightened of me. It only took a little time for them to forget, but the few days after the seizure were unbearable. The kids acted like epilepsy was contagious. Of course, I understand that a seizure is a dramatic and frightening event. I can only speculate at what the kids in high school would do if they saw me having a seizure.

Marketing Mix

Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION3 II. MARKET STRATEGY4 A. Product5 B. Price5 C. Place5 D. Process5 E. People6 F. Physical evidence6 G. Promotion6 III. ENVIRONMENT7 A. Macroenviroment7 B. Microenvironment8 IV. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR9 V. MARKET TARGETING & POSITIONING10 A. Segmentation10 B. Target market12 C. Market positioning12 VI. CONCLUSION13 VII. References14 INTRODUCTION This report aims to identify various factors for success in the quality take-away food market. This will be accomplished by comparing two food service companies with a similar strategy – Crust Gourmet Pizza Bars and Real Burger World (RBW) – ended up with remarkably different results from the following aspects; marketing strategy, the environment, consumer behavior and target market and positioning. MARKET STRATEGY The foundation of both Crust and RBW was animated by a similar desire to provide a gourmet or higher quality take away food in the competitive fast food industry. Though, they came up with slightly different plans and implementations. |Crust Gourmet Pizza |Real Burger World | |People |†¢ Founder : previous experience as a manager of |†¢ One of the founders : successful experience in | | |a Pizza Restaurant |starting up a business | | |†¢ Training and management support for their |†¢ General manager replaced because of his lack of| | |franchises |experience in the industry | |Process |†¢ Long |†¢ Long | | |†¢ Preparati on in view of the customers |†¢ ‘guest' burger, customer invited to suggest a | | | |menu item |Physical Evidence |Dynamic, fashionable and modern : upmarket look |Typical burger shop | | |for upmarket target | | |Product |†¢ High quality and fresh |†¢ Real, natural and wholesome ingredients | | |†¢ Broad choice from traditional to original |†¢ Choice more or less diversified | | |taste (‘Asian touch') |†¢ Dynamic menu with gourmet burgers, handmade | | |†¢ Product on demand |fries | |Price |Restaurant prices, more expensive than the |Slightly above competitive brands (1? ore than | | |competitors |the existing competitors) | |Place |Shop, Internet Website, Phone |Shop | |Promotion |†¢ Heart Foundation Tick of approval & medias |†¢ TV Show â€Å"Risking it all† in 2episodes, | | |†¢ radio, local papers, letterbox drops, |†¢ Brochure handouts in the street | | |sponsorships |†¢ Protest in front of their co mpetitor store | | |†¢ Website | | | |†¢ reward card | | Table 1 Marketing strategy of both companies through the 7P’s 1 Product Both companies offer better value to their customers through the high and fresh quality of their product. This is the main advantage that differentiates themselves from their competitors. o Quality QualityWhile RBW provides â€Å"real, natural and wholesome ingredients† (Naz Choudhury, http://books. google. com. au/ ), Crust, sensitive to the new trend of healthy food, provides not only high quality food -with premium ingredients such as prosciutto, tiger prawns or smoked salmon- but also healthy food with six Heart Foundation Pizzas. o Variety They both offer a broad choice from traditional to original taste (‘Asian touch’ for Crust). What seems an advantage for Crust over RBW, and pizza restaurant is that Crust customers can compose their own pizza, though a common doing in the pizza fast food industry. 2 Price Because it is not trying to be cheaper than or as affordable as its competitors, unlike RBW, Crust chooses a clear different position from its competitors. Crust gets a premium price based on the product differentiation. 3 Place The place for the first shops gives an indication on the position of the firm. While Crust established their first shop in a suburb where people may have more time to wait for a longer process, RBW had their first shop in a dynamic street, in the city and a close walk from its competitors. Also Crust developed a delivery service with as many ways as possible to make their product available to overcome their geographic limitation. 4 Process Due to their position as higher and fresh quality food, both of these companies need a longer processing time for their product, than its competitors. Though, Crust found a way to compensate. The preparation in view of the customers increases the interaction between the staff and the customers and is visually exciting. This tactic is a way of creating delight for customers. A good point for RBW is the ‘guest’ burger. The customer is invited to take part in the creation of menu items. 5 People People working for the company are important since they contribute to the image of the firm. Crust understood this well, they made it an important part of their plan. They provide training and management support for their franchises to preserve brand identity and so, the atmosphere of the first shop. On the contrary, RBW showed an mistake from the start, the first General Manager of the store had no experience in the fast food industry. 6 Physical evidence The look of the store conveys the marketing message of the firm. It has to be in adequation with what the firm claims to provide, that includes also the differentiation from their competitors. Crust chose distinctive colours and a high class decor just as a gourmet firm would do. It gives satisfaction to customers who would expect greater value. On the other hand, though they hired professionals to design their store, RBW appeared to have missed the upmarket look and ended up looking like any other burger shop. 7 Promotion By earning the Heart Foundation Tick of approval, they consolidated their image differentiation, got the media attention as a short term promotion but also undoubtedly a long term promotion through this kind of sponsorship. They also use radio, local papers, letterbox drops, and sponsorships. Those tactics are important to build a strong brand identity. Crust is omnipresent so that they stay in potential customer’s minds. They developed a Website to go along with the technology orientated society and targeted customers. The use of a reward card is a way of retaining profitable customers. Whereas in the case of RBW, it is appearing in a TV show, the firm benefited from a priceless mass promotion to make their brand known. Nonetheless, they didn’t sustain themselves to this level and came up with only short term promotion. Protesting in front of their competitor store can be regarded as a desperate move to attract customers. From the analysis of these parameters, we can say that Crust has a well more developed strategy than RBW. When RBW’s main (unique) advantage is the higher quality food, Crust has developed a more complex strategy around the higher quality and healthy food and the service cape, regarded as a key to success. ENVIRONMENT This section discusses external and internal factors affecting Crust’s and RBW’s business. Four factors were chosen to outline their success/failure – Demographic forces (macro), socio-cultural forces (macro), corporate culture (micro), and competitive environment (micro). Macroenvironment are fairly common to the two firms as Australia and UK have similar cultural background and economic level. The factors which led these two firms to contrastive results could be found in microenvironment. [pic] 1 Macroenviroment o Demographic forces Understanding the demographic environment is of great importance as it â€Å"involves people, and people make up markets (Kotler, Adam, Denize and Armstrong, 2009: pp. 89)†. Changes in household types are beneficial trend for fast-food industry. The important demographic trend for fast-food industry is changes in household types. Increased number of one person, childless couple households increases the demand for convenient, ready-to-eat meals. Dual-income families made quality food affordable. The two firms targeted those new-type households. o Socio-cultural forces Businesses exists within society, therefore businesses can be influenced by society. To keep up with social changes may provide businesses with competitive advantages. The increased health awareness in society led the changing trend in consumer preferences to better-taste, fresher fast-food which perceived as healthier. Crust and RBW met this consumer trend. Another socio-cultural force is the trend towards choice. Both firms dealt with this trend by offering broad range of menu. 2 Microenvironment o Corporate culture Strong corporate culture helps to develop strong brand because people, internal and external to the company, can share similar values. Strong brand equity enables businesses to establish firm customer base and brand royalty, which in turn give businesses long-term growth and profitability. Crust has a clear corporate culture of â€Å"personality driven† based on â€Å"professionalism†, â€Å"entrepreneurship† and â€Å"teamwork and partnership with stores and customers† (www. crust. com. au, 2010). This is expressed to customers through store presentation and service, which serves as physical evidence to the customers. On the other hand, RBW’s culture was based on co-founders’ friendship. The business built on friendship can be fallen into amateurism resulted in various operational problems, which could reduce customer satisfaction. o Competitive environment Fast-food industry is highly competitive market and the competition is complex. Players in the market have to compete with huge multinational organizations such as McDonald’s, Subway and Pizza Hut as well as thousands of local take-away stores. To provide greater customer value and satisfaction than competitors, strategic analysis of competitive environment is crucial for businesses. Crust identified a gap in the pizza market in Australia, and then develops the strategy to fit them into the gap. Differentiation against competitors is the key factor to be successful in competitive market. Reflecting the tough competitive environment, crust aims to grow slowly and steady through good relationships with the stores and the customers (www. crust. com. au, 2010). RBW didn’t take it seriously compared to Crust because RBW were confident with the products and believed that consumers choose them once they tried their burger. The location choice for the first store was made by financial reason rather than strategic point of view. This resulted in direct competition with established fast-food brands such as McDonald’s and Burger King. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR [pic] There is little difference between the fact that RBW and crust pizza are located in England and Australia respectively because both are industrialized nations and both are very similar culturally. As such, both are positively affected by the growing awareness of the benefits of healthier food, as well as an active desire for such food, especially in the age groups that both Crust and RBW caters to. There are three driving psychological influences on a customer to eat at crust pizza. The first is an aspirational one. The existing perception of high dining atering to educated, high earning professionals that crust has worked meticulously to build, and one of the results is that being seen to eat there is indicative of being a member of that particular demographic. [pic] Figure 3. Reasons for eating Fast Food http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01 _archive. html The second influence is the imperative and willingness to pay for high quality food by the more discerning consumers. The third is one of safety, in the sense that crust delivers on time, with the correct pizza, in the same quality as in the store due to its specially made base. While the time take is longer, customers are satisfied as it is what they expect. RBW’s customers have different set of influences due to its geographical location in a less well off part of London where price is a significant factor. For the majority of consumers that frequent that particular part of London, the health benefits that RBW provided were not enough of an incentive to try the burgers. Also, it is the nature of burgers that they are quick. The reason for eating them is that it is a convenient way of eating and customers are unwilling to wait more than ten minutes for a burger that elsewhere they can get within one or two minutes. MARKET TARGETING & POSITIONING 1 Segmentation The basis of a long term marketing strategy, as well as the initial success of the business requires a target market to be identified and the business positioned satisfy the needs of the chosen market. |Crust Gourmet Pizza |Real Burger World | |Geographic segmentation |- Distributed around Australia ; NSW, ACT and |- Opened the first store in London in mid 2003 | | |Victoria – An expansion in |- Located in a street with other fast food stores| | |Singapore | | |Demographic Segmentation |- Targeting the age of 18-39 years old including|- Targeting the people with the age of 20-40 | | |families and high incomes including middle class|years old and high incomes | | |and upper class. Targeting | | | |consumers from diverse nationality | | |Psychographic Segmentation |- Targeting the people with a healthy lifestyle |- Targeting consumers with a healthy and busy | | | |lifestyle | |Behavioural Segmentation |- Targeting for the middle and upper class who |- Some of consumers would have negative attitudes| | |would have purchase occasions frequently |due to some failure on plans. | Table 2. Comparison of segmentation between Crust and RBW o Geographic Segmentation Most firms have national marketing programmes which adjust their products and promotions to satisfy the individual needs of geographic units. Geographic Segmentation can be the most important process which  brings to light  the  difference between the case of Crust and RBW. For Crust, it  is distributed in the main cities of Australia include d Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland and Victoria. The stores  are located in various suburbs. This implies two factors of geographic segmentation being region and population density. This  indicates a  greater opportunity  for the  success of  the company due to its location. On the other hand,  the first RBW store  was located in a street with other fast-food stores containing McDonald’s and Burger King. This evidently demonstrates that there is more competition and hence  the  potential of losing customers to  the other major food chains. RBW would be forced to compete against eminent and familiar  fast-food outlets. In this case, having just  launched their first outlet,  it would contribute to decreasing their earnings. o Demographic Segmentation The Crust has targeted  an age group ranging between 18-39 years of age. Additionally,  they are more likely focussing on middle and upper class demographics. We can assume that RBW also has targeted  a similar  demographic of consumers  to that of  the Crust. This can be classified  as demographic segmentation. Each business  targets a specific demographic that they feel the product or service would be most likely to attract. With that, the company will be able to set out its goals, marketing strategies and prices according to that chosen demographic. It clearly shows that both the Crust and RBW have targeted  appropriate level of consumers who would become big fans of the restaurant. In addition demographic factor is very influential on marketing strategy because consumer usage and needs are variable since each individual has different taste desires in  products depending on how old they are, what family life cycle they have or what occupation or income they have. o Psychographic Segmentation The Crust has an aim to change the perception of pizza from  that of a  cheap food to more of one that can be classified as a healthier choice. Accordingly, this will appeal to  those people who have a healthy lifestyle  or are conscious about their diet. This strategy  would lead to  further success in their business as not only will they be able to  maintain the number of existing customers,  they would also  be  attracting a new line of customers. For instance, through education and the media people are  increasingly gaining more awareness with regards to their diet and healthy living. With that in mind, the public will be less inclined to  eat unhealthily and would begin to focus  on maintaining a healthy diet. This  is a  clear indication  that people would  choose Crust rather than Dominos or Pizza Hut because of their marketing strategy. As well as in the case of RBW, they  have tried  to develop  the idea that burgers, if  served correct, can  be considered as  an extremely healthy  meal and not simply  another form of junk food. This also would appeal to  the public to  dine  at RBW as it appeals to the present values the public upholds. o Behavioural Segmentation One of the factors in behavioural Segmentation is purchase occasion. In the case of both Crust and RBW, they have targeted  a demographic of  high income earners  and this has  lead to  an escalating  chance  of increasing their earnings. Since pizzas and burgers are the most favorable food for parties, gatherings and meals,  the public is guaranteed  to purchase these foods on a frequent basis. But consumers may have different attitudes towards Crust and RBW. The Crust has been well-known as a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpersonality driven culture’ whereas the RBW has negative aspects associated with their food chain  since they failed with some launch tactics such as brochure handouts and a free burger day. With knowledge of such aspects, the public will most likely respond accordingly and think twice about RBW and it's few slip-ups. 2 Target market For target market there are several different strategies ; undifferentiated marketing, differentiated marketing and concentrated marketing. Firstly, undifferentiated marketing is to ignore the specific market segments and approach the whole market with one market offer. Secondly, differentiated marketing is a marketing that determines to target several market segments and design separate offers for each. Lastly, concentrated marketing is choosing one large market or few submarkets. It clearly shows that both Crust and RWB are concentrated marketers since concentrated marketing provides a means  for small firms to compete against other larger companies and to gain a foothold in the food industry. 3 Market positioning Market positioning is the final part of step, involving developing a positioning for the target market, followed by the marketing mix. Crust pizza positioned their stores to be attractive to the market outlined. The relatively high price per pizza reflects their positioning as a gourmet pizza restaurant, though offering delivery services as well to expand the reach of their business. The restraint ambiance and staff trained in customer service helps differentiate Crust as a higher class of dining than its competitors. It’s certification by the national heart foundation also gives proof to its claims of healthy pizza, swaying those skeptical of those marketing gimmicks and again differentiating it from competitors. RBW however, positioned both physically and otherwise to be in direct competition with existing fast food outlets. Located in a part of London where price is the defining factor, it is similar in price to McDonalds, contradicting its projected image of gourmet burgers. Customers have also commented that the shop feels similar to burger king, losing the perception of healthy food, and thus customers. Unlike crust, it’s burgers are not certified as healthy, though it’s stating of nutritional values of its burgers is a positive move, similar actions by McDonalds and other fast food outlets dilutes the impact of that move. Had it gone with its initial location at a more high priced part of London, the outcome may be very different. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are a number of factors that determine the success or failure of a business such as those of a gourmet fast food such as RBW and Crust pizza. These factors range from the elements in the marketing strategy to the target market and market positioning, both planned and execution. The importance of these factors can be illustrated by the difference between Crust Pizza and RBW, given the similarity of their environmental and cultural factors. It is RBW’s failure to understand the nature of their product and the behavior and influences on their customers that lead to RBW’s eventual downfall. Crust pizza, on the other hand, well understood these factors and created an appropriate strategy and focused on the correct target market to claim success. References INTERNET Crust website, http://www. crust. com. au/ Momentary Musings, http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01_archive. html Wikinvest, http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Wendy%27s_International_%28WEN%29 BOOK Kotler P, Adam, S, Denize S, & Armstrong, G. , 2009,. Principles of Marketing, 4th ed, Pearson Education. Australia, Frenchs Forest, NSW ———————– Figure1. Market shares of the Major Players in the Fast Food Industry http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Wendy%27s_International_%28WEN%29 Figure2. Pie chart of Consumer behaviour on Frequency of Fast Food http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01_archive. html Marketing Mix According to Eddie Robinson, â€Å"The will to win, the desire to succeed, the urge to reach your full potential†¦these are the keys that will unlock the door to personal excellence. † In this competitive business world, it is imperative that business owners’ develop and create unique products in order to be differentiated from its competitors. Business owners can use a set of tools called the â€Å"Marketing Mix† to provide the unique quality that the item for consumption is a need.This tool is made up of a set of controllable factors that can be adjusted until the precise combination is established to satisfy the needs or wants of consumers in a particular target market while generating a profit. The Marketing Mix is made up of four factors. They are product, price, place and promotion. The product can be referred to as the physical product or service that satisfies what a consumer wants or need. Price refers to the amount that customers will pay for a par ticular good or service after taking into account factors such as profit, competitor’s response, business survival and probable pricing.The channel of distribution that serves as a means of getting the product or service in a convenient location to the target consumers is referred to as place. Promotion represents the methods of communication used to provide information of a particular good or service to its target market using various mediums. The proposed product we have decided to discuss in this essay is a self-cleaning bathtub. This product would satisfy the wants and needs of luxury hoteliers and people who are interested in living a luxurious life around the world.Generally, majority of the people who perform cleaning services usually avoid the time of cleaning their bathtub because it is very tedious task and the effects of the noxious fumes from the cleaning products. The idea of a self-cleaning bathtub would solve these problems, while satisfying the many wants and in some cases, the needs of a wide cross-section of people. This product will be sold in two variations and will range in different sizes. These variations include free standing tubs and drop in tubs.The self-cleaning bathtub boasts of its quick drain plus fast-action integral pump for rapid water changing, self-cleaning system that simultaneously removes surface debris and cleans the bottom of the hot tub with its built in vacuum. It also has premium LED lights that create ambiance and tranquility. It comes with an installation crew and technicians standing behind 10 years of warranty to give customers peace of mind. In addition, the economic theory asserts that in a free market economy the market price reflects interaction between supply and demand: the price is set to equate the quantity being supplied and demanded.In turn, these quantities are determined by the marginal utility of the asset to different buyers and to different sellers. In reality, the price may be distorted by o ther factors, such as tax and other government regulations. When a commodity is for sale at multiple locations, the Law of one price is generally believed to hold. This essentially states that the cost difference between the locations cannot be greater than that representing shipping, taxes, other distribution costs etc.In the case of the majority of consumer goods and services, the distribution costs are quite a high proportion of the overall price, so the law may not be very useful. In practice, it may well make economic sense to offer a product or service for sale at a higher price in a wealthy area than in a deprived area as the marginal utility of the asset for purchasers will be higher in the former. With that being said, several factors can be taken into consideration when looking to price an item such as this one.Since the price of a product is normally the deciding factor in choosing one brand over another, it is a common area of the marketing mix that can be used to make s trategic changes. The customer would not expect to pay the regular price of a regular bathtub. However, they may not expect a significantly high price. For instance, if you take the price of a regular bathtub, add on the cost of products and tools usually used to clean the tub, the customer will not expect to pay a price that is 50-100% more than the total of the two. They might as well decide to continue cleaning their tub on their own.Smart retailers sell good items cheap, with small profit per item because cheap prices increase sales and overall profit. In other words, it is better to sell forty (40) items at ten dollars ($10) profit rather than five (5) items at forty dollars ($40) profit. This will ensure business survival for a very long time as long as the quality of the product in maintained. Competitor’s response will have no effect on this product as long as the affordable price and high quality is maintained. As long as the cheapest possible manufacturing method is utilized, the competitor will find it very difficult to compete.Furthermore, it is important that the self-cleaning tub is available when and where the customer wants it. Distributing the product to its consumers will be done through direct channels for the customers who wants customized tubs and through dual distribution. This product will be accessible to customers with few obstacles. Moreover, mass marketing is a market coverage strategy in which a firm decides to ignore market segment differences and go after the whole market with one offer. It is the type of marketing (or attempting to sell through persuasion) of a product to a wide audience.The idea is to broadcast a message that will reach the largest number of people possible. The target market for this product would be very huge. Quite frankly, every single person who owns or lives in a home should be interested in a self-cleaning bathtub. However, the most strategic channel of distribution should be among person building or looking to build new luxury homes, apartment buildings or hotels. Many new business customers can be obtained since apartment buildings and hotels would want to utilize this product.The benefits range from cheaper cost of janitorial service to additional attraction to apartments and hotel rooms for guests and tenants to choose from. In order to get all prospective customers interested in the product, public demonstrations will have to be made at strategic areas of business in the city or main towns. Invitations should be sent out to all hotels, luxury home owners and apartment building owners to attend this public event where usage of the bathtub will be demonstrated for all to see. Generally, promotion is communicating with the public in an attempt to influence them toward buying your products and/or services.How does promotion differ from advertising? Promotion is the broader, all inclusive term. Advertising is just one specific action you could take to promote your product or service. Promotion, as a general term, includes all the ways available to make a product and/or service known to and purchased by customers and clients. Promotion of this item would be done through various mediums. These mediums include television advertisements, billboards, radio advertisements, newspaper advertisements just to name a few.In summary, the success of the self-cleaning bath tub relies greatly upon proper marketing. The company must have the right combination of all the elements of the marketing mix in order to produce desirable sales results. The mix will include the variables and apparatus that the company will use to satisfy the business objective and the needs of the potential customers. The marketing mix is the foundation of a marketing strategy, unless a new theory is developed and can convincingly replace it will continue to serve that purpose.The market mix is designed to accommodate the customer. Therefore, each aspect of the marketing mix is equally important . When the mix is being developed, all final decisions about the elements should be made at the same time. To summarize the marketing mix, a company develops a product that meets the needs and desires of customers. Then determines how the product will reach final customers. A promotion plan is then developed to inform the customer of the product. Finally, a price is established while ensuring the company earns a profit. Marketing Mix Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION3 II. MARKET STRATEGY4 A. Product5 B. Price5 C. Place5 D. Process5 E. People6 F. Physical evidence6 G. Promotion6 III. ENVIRONMENT7 A. Macroenviroment7 B. Microenvironment8 IV. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR9 V. MARKET TARGETING & POSITIONING10 A. Segmentation10 B. Target market12 C. Market positioning12 VI. CONCLUSION13 VII. References14 INTRODUCTION This report aims to identify various factors for success in the quality take-away food market. This will be accomplished by comparing two food service companies with a similar strategy – Crust Gourmet Pizza Bars and Real Burger World (RBW) – ended up with remarkably different results from the following aspects; marketing strategy, the environment, consumer behavior and target market and positioning. MARKET STRATEGY The foundation of both Crust and RBW was animated by a similar desire to provide a gourmet or higher quality take away food in the competitive fast food industry. Though, they came up with slightly different plans and implementations. |Crust Gourmet Pizza |Real Burger World | |People |†¢ Founder : previous experience as a manager of |†¢ One of the founders : successful experience in | | |a Pizza Restaurant |starting up a business | | |†¢ Training and management support for their |†¢ General manager replaced because of his lack of| | |franchises |experience in the industry | |Process |†¢ Long |†¢ Long | | |†¢ Preparati on in view of the customers |†¢ ‘guest' burger, customer invited to suggest a | | | |menu item |Physical Evidence |Dynamic, fashionable and modern : upmarket look |Typical burger shop | | |for upmarket target | | |Product |†¢ High quality and fresh |†¢ Real, natural and wholesome ingredients | | |†¢ Broad choice from traditional to original |†¢ Choice more or less diversified | | |taste (‘Asian touch') |†¢ Dynamic menu with gourmet burgers, handmade | | |†¢ Product on demand |fries | |Price |Restaurant prices, more expensive than the |Slightly above competitive brands (1? ore than | | |competitors |the existing competitors) | |Place |Shop, Internet Website, Phone |Shop | |Promotion |†¢ Heart Foundation Tick of approval & medias |†¢ TV Show â€Å"Risking it all† in 2episodes, | | |†¢ radio, local papers, letterbox drops, |†¢ Brochure handouts in the street | | |sponsorships |†¢ Protest in front of their co mpetitor store | | |†¢ Website | | | |†¢ reward card | | Table 1 Marketing strategy of both companies through the 7P’s 1 Product Both companies offer better value to their customers through the high and fresh quality of their product. This is the main advantage that differentiates themselves from their competitors. o Quality QualityWhile RBW provides â€Å"real, natural and wholesome ingredients† (Naz Choudhury, http://books. google. com. au/ ), Crust, sensitive to the new trend of healthy food, provides not only high quality food -with premium ingredients such as prosciutto, tiger prawns or smoked salmon- but also healthy food with six Heart Foundation Pizzas. o Variety They both offer a broad choice from traditional to original taste (‘Asian touch’ for Crust). What seems an advantage for Crust over RBW, and pizza restaurant is that Crust customers can compose their own pizza, though a common doing in the pizza fast food industry. 2 Price Because it is not trying to be cheaper than or as affordable as its competitors, unlike RBW, Crust chooses a clear different position from its competitors. Crust gets a premium price based on the product differentiation. 3 Place The place for the first shops gives an indication on the position of the firm. While Crust established their first shop in a suburb where people may have more time to wait for a longer process, RBW had their first shop in a dynamic street, in the city and a close walk from its competitors. Also Crust developed a delivery service with as many ways as possible to make their product available to overcome their geographic limitation. 4 Process Due to their position as higher and fresh quality food, both of these companies need a longer processing time for their product, than its competitors. Though, Crust found a way to compensate. The preparation in view of the customers increases the interaction between the staff and the customers and is visually exciting. This tactic is a way of creating delight for customers. A good point for RBW is the ‘guest’ burger. The customer is invited to take part in the creation of menu items. 5 People People working for the company are important since they contribute to the image of the firm. Crust understood this well, they made it an important part of their plan. They provide training and management support for their franchises to preserve brand identity and so, the atmosphere of the first shop. On the contrary, RBW showed an mistake from the start, the first General Manager of the store had no experience in the fast food industry. 6 Physical evidence The look of the store conveys the marketing message of the firm. It has to be in adequation with what the firm claims to provide, that includes also the differentiation from their competitors. Crust chose distinctive colours and a high class decor just as a gourmet firm would do. It gives satisfaction to customers who would expect greater value. On the other hand, though they hired professionals to design their store, RBW appeared to have missed the upmarket look and ended up looking like any other burger shop. 7 Promotion By earning the Heart Foundation Tick of approval, they consolidated their image differentiation, got the media attention as a short term promotion but also undoubtedly a long term promotion through this kind of sponsorship. They also use radio, local papers, letterbox drops, and sponsorships. Those tactics are important to build a strong brand identity. Crust is omnipresent so that they stay in potential customer’s minds. They developed a Website to go along with the technology orientated society and targeted customers. The use of a reward card is a way of retaining profitable customers. Whereas in the case of RBW, it is appearing in a TV show, the firm benefited from a priceless mass promotion to make their brand known. Nonetheless, they didn’t sustain themselves to this level and came up with only short term promotion. Protesting in front of their competitor store can be regarded as a desperate move to attract customers. From the analysis of these parameters, we can say that Crust has a well more developed strategy than RBW. When RBW’s main (unique) advantage is the higher quality food, Crust has developed a more complex strategy around the higher quality and healthy food and the service cape, regarded as a key to success. ENVIRONMENT This section discusses external and internal factors affecting Crust’s and RBW’s business. Four factors were chosen to outline their success/failure – Demographic forces (macro), socio-cultural forces (macro), corporate culture (micro), and competitive environment (micro). Macroenvironment are fairly common to the two firms as Australia and UK have similar cultural background and economic level. The factors which led these two firms to contrastive results could be found in microenvironment. [pic] 1 Macroenviroment o Demographic forces Understanding the demographic environment is of great importance as it â€Å"involves people, and people make up markets (Kotler, Adam, Denize and Armstrong, 2009: pp. 89)†. Changes in household types are beneficial trend for fast-food industry. The important demographic trend for fast-food industry is changes in household types. Increased number of one person, childless couple households increases the demand for convenient, ready-to-eat meals. Dual-income families made quality food affordable. The two firms targeted those new-type households. o Socio-cultural forces Businesses exists within society, therefore businesses can be influenced by society. To keep up with social changes may provide businesses with competitive advantages. The increased health awareness in society led the changing trend in consumer preferences to better-taste, fresher fast-food which perceived as healthier. Crust and RBW met this consumer trend. Another socio-cultural force is the trend towards choice. Both firms dealt with this trend by offering broad range of menu. 2 Microenvironment o Corporate culture Strong corporate culture helps to develop strong brand because people, internal and external to the company, can share similar values. Strong brand equity enables businesses to establish firm customer base and brand royalty, which in turn give businesses long-term growth and profitability. Crust has a clear corporate culture of â€Å"personality driven† based on â€Å"professionalism†, â€Å"entrepreneurship† and â€Å"teamwork and partnership with stores and customers† (www. crust. com. au, 2010). This is expressed to customers through store presentation and service, which serves as physical evidence to the customers. On the other hand, RBW’s culture was based on co-founders’ friendship. The business built on friendship can be fallen into amateurism resulted in various operational problems, which could reduce customer satisfaction. o Competitive environment Fast-food industry is highly competitive market and the competition is complex. Players in the market have to compete with huge multinational organizations such as McDonald’s, Subway and Pizza Hut as well as thousands of local take-away stores. To provide greater customer value and satisfaction than competitors, strategic analysis of competitive environment is crucial for businesses. Crust identified a gap in the pizza market in Australia, and then develops the strategy to fit them into the gap. Differentiation against competitors is the key factor to be successful in competitive market. Reflecting the tough competitive environment, crust aims to grow slowly and steady through good relationships with the stores and the customers (www. crust. com. au, 2010). RBW didn’t take it seriously compared to Crust because RBW were confident with the products and believed that consumers choose them once they tried their burger. The location choice for the first store was made by financial reason rather than strategic point of view. This resulted in direct competition with established fast-food brands such as McDonald’s and Burger King. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR [pic] There is little difference between the fact that RBW and crust pizza are located in England and Australia respectively because both are industrialized nations and both are very similar culturally. As such, both are positively affected by the growing awareness of the benefits of healthier food, as well as an active desire for such food, especially in the age groups that both Crust and RBW caters to. There are three driving psychological influences on a customer to eat at crust pizza. The first is an aspirational one. The existing perception of high dining atering to educated, high earning professionals that crust has worked meticulously to build, and one of the results is that being seen to eat there is indicative of being a member of that particular demographic. [pic] Figure 3. Reasons for eating Fast Food http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01 _archive. html The second influence is the imperative and willingness to pay for high quality food by the more discerning consumers. The third is one of safety, in the sense that crust delivers on time, with the correct pizza, in the same quality as in the store due to its specially made base. While the time take is longer, customers are satisfied as it is what they expect. RBW’s customers have different set of influences due to its geographical location in a less well off part of London where price is a significant factor. For the majority of consumers that frequent that particular part of London, the health benefits that RBW provided were not enough of an incentive to try the burgers. Also, it is the nature of burgers that they are quick. The reason for eating them is that it is a convenient way of eating and customers are unwilling to wait more than ten minutes for a burger that elsewhere they can get within one or two minutes. MARKET TARGETING & POSITIONING 1 Segmentation The basis of a long term marketing strategy, as well as the initial success of the business requires a target market to be identified and the business positioned satisfy the needs of the chosen market. |Crust Gourmet Pizza |Real Burger World | |Geographic segmentation |- Distributed around Australia ; NSW, ACT and |- Opened the first store in London in mid 2003 | | |Victoria – An expansion in |- Located in a street with other fast food stores| | |Singapore | | |Demographic Segmentation |- Targeting the age of 18-39 years old including|- Targeting the people with the age of 20-40 | | |families and high incomes including middle class|years old and high incomes | | |and upper class. Targeting | | | |consumers from diverse nationality | | |Psychographic Segmentation |- Targeting the people with a healthy lifestyle |- Targeting consumers with a healthy and busy | | | |lifestyle | |Behavioural Segmentation |- Targeting for the middle and upper class who |- Some of consumers would have negative attitudes| | |would have purchase occasions frequently |due to some failure on plans. | Table 2. Comparison of segmentation between Crust and RBW o Geographic Segmentation Most firms have national marketing programmes which adjust their products and promotions to satisfy the individual needs of geographic units. Geographic Segmentation can be the most important process which  brings to light  the  difference between the case of Crust and RBW. For Crust, it  is distributed in the main cities of Australia include d Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland and Victoria. The stores  are located in various suburbs. This implies two factors of geographic segmentation being region and population density. This  indicates a  greater opportunity  for the  success of  the company due to its location. On the other hand,  the first RBW store  was located in a street with other fast-food stores containing McDonald’s and Burger King. This evidently demonstrates that there is more competition and hence  the  potential of losing customers to  the other major food chains. RBW would be forced to compete against eminent and familiar  fast-food outlets. In this case, having just  launched their first outlet,  it would contribute to decreasing their earnings. o Demographic Segmentation The Crust has targeted  an age group ranging between 18-39 years of age. Additionally,  they are more likely focussing on middle and upper class demographics. We can assume that RBW also has targeted  a similar  demographic of consumers  to that of  the Crust. This can be classified  as demographic segmentation. Each business  targets a specific demographic that they feel the product or service would be most likely to attract. With that, the company will be able to set out its goals, marketing strategies and prices according to that chosen demographic. It clearly shows that both the Crust and RBW have targeted  appropriate level of consumers who would become big fans of the restaurant. In addition demographic factor is very influential on marketing strategy because consumer usage and needs are variable since each individual has different taste desires in  products depending on how old they are, what family life cycle they have or what occupation or income they have. o Psychographic Segmentation The Crust has an aim to change the perception of pizza from  that of a  cheap food to more of one that can be classified as a healthier choice. Accordingly, this will appeal to  those people who have a healthy lifestyle  or are conscious about their diet. This strategy  would lead to  further success in their business as not only will they be able to  maintain the number of existing customers,  they would also  be  attracting a new line of customers. For instance, through education and the media people are  increasingly gaining more awareness with regards to their diet and healthy living. With that in mind, the public will be less inclined to  eat unhealthily and would begin to focus  on maintaining a healthy diet. This  is a  clear indication  that people would  choose Crust rather than Dominos or Pizza Hut because of their marketing strategy. As well as in the case of RBW, they  have tried  to develop  the idea that burgers, if  served correct, can  be considered as  an extremely healthy  meal and not simply  another form of junk food. This also would appeal to  the public to  dine  at RBW as it appeals to the present values the public upholds. o Behavioural Segmentation One of the factors in behavioural Segmentation is purchase occasion. In the case of both Crust and RBW, they have targeted  a demographic of  high income earners  and this has  lead to  an escalating  chance  of increasing their earnings. Since pizzas and burgers are the most favorable food for parties, gatherings and meals,  the public is guaranteed  to purchase these foods on a frequent basis. But consumers may have different attitudes towards Crust and RBW. The Crust has been well-known as a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœpersonality driven culture’ whereas the RBW has negative aspects associated with their food chain  since they failed with some launch tactics such as brochure handouts and a free burger day. With knowledge of such aspects, the public will most likely respond accordingly and think twice about RBW and it's few slip-ups. 2 Target market For target market there are several different strategies ; undifferentiated marketing, differentiated marketing and concentrated marketing. Firstly, undifferentiated marketing is to ignore the specific market segments and approach the whole market with one market offer. Secondly, differentiated marketing is a marketing that determines to target several market segments and design separate offers for each. Lastly, concentrated marketing is choosing one large market or few submarkets. It clearly shows that both Crust and RWB are concentrated marketers since concentrated marketing provides a means  for small firms to compete against other larger companies and to gain a foothold in the food industry. 3 Market positioning Market positioning is the final part of step, involving developing a positioning for the target market, followed by the marketing mix. Crust pizza positioned their stores to be attractive to the market outlined. The relatively high price per pizza reflects their positioning as a gourmet pizza restaurant, though offering delivery services as well to expand the reach of their business. The restraint ambiance and staff trained in customer service helps differentiate Crust as a higher class of dining than its competitors. It’s certification by the national heart foundation also gives proof to its claims of healthy pizza, swaying those skeptical of those marketing gimmicks and again differentiating it from competitors. RBW however, positioned both physically and otherwise to be in direct competition with existing fast food outlets. Located in a part of London where price is the defining factor, it is similar in price to McDonalds, contradicting its projected image of gourmet burgers. Customers have also commented that the shop feels similar to burger king, losing the perception of healthy food, and thus customers. Unlike crust, it’s burgers are not certified as healthy, though it’s stating of nutritional values of its burgers is a positive move, similar actions by McDonalds and other fast food outlets dilutes the impact of that move. Had it gone with its initial location at a more high priced part of London, the outcome may be very different. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are a number of factors that determine the success or failure of a business such as those of a gourmet fast food such as RBW and Crust pizza. These factors range from the elements in the marketing strategy to the target market and market positioning, both planned and execution. The importance of these factors can be illustrated by the difference between Crust Pizza and RBW, given the similarity of their environmental and cultural factors. It is RBW’s failure to understand the nature of their product and the behavior and influences on their customers that lead to RBW’s eventual downfall. Crust pizza, on the other hand, well understood these factors and created an appropriate strategy and focused on the correct target market to claim success. References INTERNET Crust website, http://www. crust. com. au/ Momentary Musings, http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01_archive. html Wikinvest, http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Wendy%27s_International_%28WEN%29 BOOK Kotler P, Adam, S, Denize S, & Armstrong, G. , 2009,. Principles of Marketing, 4th ed, Pearson Education. Australia, Frenchs Forest, NSW ———————– Figure1. Market shares of the Major Players in the Fast Food Industry http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Wendy%27s_International_%28WEN%29 Figure2. Pie chart of Consumer behaviour on Frequency of Fast Food http://shansenta. blogspot. com/2006_10_01_archive. html